s56a napisal/-a:2006 WRTC Final Results
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Dear WRTC 2006 Friends:
This report is also available on our page for download as Release 059/06
This memorandum is to record an anomaly discovered by the Judging and
Log-Checking Committees in the course of adjudication of the WRTC 2006
competition and the action taken as a result, and to offer a
recommendation for future WRTCs.
Immediately after the end of the competition at 1200 UTC on 9 July,
electronic logs began arriving from participants in the IARU HF World
Championship from all over the world for inclusion in the master
database. Thanks to the extraordinary cooperation of the international
contesting community, in a matter of hours we received more than 1,000
logs for use in adjudication of the 46 WRTC logs.
When initial trial discrepancy reports for the 46 WRTC stations were
run, four logs were found to have unusually high numbers of "unique"
QSOs. (A "unique" QSO is one with a station that appears in few other
logs - it is not literally unique and the appropriate threshold for
labeling a QSO as "unique" may vary from one contest to another. In the
case of WRTC 2006 there were, as noted above, more than 1,000 logs used
to determine "uniques" - that is, we did not limit our comparison only
to other WRTC logs.)
In three of the four cases the reason for the high number of "uniques"
was clearly that the nationality of the WRTC station had been identified
and communicated within the home country of the team. The three logs in
this category were PW5B (SP7GIQ and SP2FAX), PT5P (DL6FBL and DL2CC),
and PT5N (9A8A and 9A5K). In some cases, multiple QSOs clearly had been
made by the same station under different call signs. This is contrary to
the spirit of WRTC, which is to provide a level playing field for all.
QSOs that are available to one team but not to any of the others tilt
the playing field. The purpose of WRTC is to determine the best
operators, not who has the most friends back home. At the same time, it
must be said that the WRTC competitors do not do anything wrong unless
they do something that is intended to identify themselves. They are not
expected to disguise their voices or their accents. So, in past WRTCs
these "national uniques" have not been deleted from competitors' logs.
The fourth case, PT5L (YT6A and YT6T), was quite different. In this case
there were hundreds of "uniques" with call signs from many countries,
early all of them in Europe, beginning about two hours into the event.
Not only that, but many of these "uniques" showed up on several bands,
in some cases on both CW and SSB. Only rarely did these "uniques" show
up in any other logs. The referee, G3XTT, confirmed that he had heard
nothing suspicious or unusual. Most of the call signs were not familiar
to the judges as appearing in CW contests, but this was apparent only
when the "uniques" were identified as such and this was not especially
noticeable when they were scattered among valid QSOs.
The audio from this station had been recorded, so it was possible to
confirm that the QSOs had in fact taken place. It appeared to the
judges, from listening to the recording while examining annotated log
extracts identifying the "uniques," that there was a small number of
stations, probably more than one, feeding "phantom QSOs" to PT5L. Again,
however, this was apparent only in retrospect.
The motive for feeding these "phantom QSOs" was and is unknown. PT5L had
only operated CW up to the time the "uniques" began to appear; we have
no evidence that the identity of the operators had been communicated to
anyone prior to that time, either by the operators themselves or by
anyone else.
Identifying "uniques" is a standard part of the adjudication of any
contest. Detecting QSOs added to a log "from the Callbook" was one of
the very first objectives when computer analysis was first performed on
contest logs. Anyone familiar with UBN or LCR reports - in other words,
any active contester - would realize that adding such QSOs to the PT5L
log was bound to come to the attention of the judges. Therefore, in the
absence of any evidence to the contrary, the judges could not conclude
that the operators of PT5L were implicated in any way. They had to know
that such manipulation would be detected and that there could be no
acceptable explanation for so many people choosing, independently of one
another, to work only PT5L from among more than 1,000 stations active on
the bands during the contest.
It seems much more likely that the "phantom QSOs" were intended to be
sabotage, either of the PT5L operators specifically (although this would
have required knowing who they were) or of a WRTC station selected at
random. Such behavior, by amateur operators outside the WRTC event
itself, is both reprehensible and illegal and deserves to be thoroughly
investigated. However, doing so within the time frame of the WRTC event
was impossible.
Thus, the problem facing the judges was how to deal appropriately with
the situation within the context of WRTC itself. It was decided to
reduce the threshold for labeling a QSO as "unique" to a relatively low
number of logs and to delete from all 46 logs, without penalty, all
"unique" QSOs. Doing so resulted in the deletion of, at one extreme,
just 3 QSOs from a log containing more than 1,900 QSOs to, at the other
extreme, the deletion of 240 QSOs from the PT5L log of more than 2,300
QSOs. Most logs lost about 15 QSOs. No doubt a few of these were valid
QSOs (others are busted calls where there is insufficient evidence to
label them as busted). However, deleting them is very unlikely to change
the relative positions of any teams with "normal" logs and definitely
did not affect the top three positions, which is the principal concern
of the judges, other than to move PT5L out of 3rd place. PT5L moved from
3rd to 11th place, some of this movement the consequence of error rate.
(If the intent of the "phantoms" was to hurt the PT5L entry they
certainly succeeded; the operators spent more than two hours working
stations for which they received no credit.)
The impact was much greater on the three logs with significant numbers
of "national uniques" (which were also a very minor factor in the PT5L
log - among the 240 "uniques" are just 9 "national uniques" that showed
up very late in the contest after the operators were identified on the
BalkanDX Yahoo forum at 1024 UTC). PW5B lost 125 "uniques" and moved
down five positions, from 11th to 16th, some of this movement the
consequence of error rate. PT5P lost 76 "unique" QSOs but actually moved
up one position in the final results because their error rate was lower
than average. PT5N lost 67 "uniques" and moved down one position.
While it is unfortunate that the operators of these four stations all
spent time making QSOs for which they received no credit, the judges and
log-checkers firmly believe that the appropriate remedy was applied to
correct an unanticipated situation. Disqualification would have been
inappropriate in that there is no proof - indeed, there is no evidence
at all - that any of the operators were at fault. On the other hand,
allowing "phantom QSOs," once detected as such, to be credited also
would be inappropriate and would make the whole WRTC event pointless.
The same standard was applied to all 46 logs.
The judges and log-checkers recommend that in future WRTCs, all
"uniques" should be removed from logs without penalty and that this
policy should be announced in advance. All stations operating in the
IARU HF World Championship should be encouraged to work all WRTC
stations, without favoritism and without using more than one call sign
from any station (unless family members share a station).
We also recommend that "unique" not be precisely defined in advance. The
judges must be allowed discretion to determine the appropriate threshold
for "uniques" for a given event, as this will depend upon the number of
logs available for crosschecking and other factors.
While we regret that this attempt to manipulate the WRTC results
occurred - for whatever reason the perpetrators may have had - we are
pleased to have detected it and to have been able to take appropriate
corrective action.
The judges would especially like to thank Larry "Tree" Tyree, N6TR, for
his analysis and Phil Goetz, N6ZZ for his invaluable contribution in
uploading the WRTC logs and maintaining the communication link between
the judges in Florianopolis and Tree at his home in Oregon. Trey
Garlough, N5KO, also contributed significantly to the log-checking
process from his home in California, as did Larry Hammel, K5OT, on-site.
Respectfully submitted,
Judges: Log-Checking Committee:
David Sumner, K1ZZ Larry "Tree" Tyree, N6TR
Roger Western, G3SXW Phil Goetz, N6ZZ
WRTC2006 Steering Committee
Atilano de Oms PY5EG